Here is an example model answer to one part of an essay question:
A proper arrest is one that is based on probable cause. Facts supporting probable cause may come from a number of different sources including a police officer’s personal observations. Here, the state law granted police officers discretion to arrest for any traffic infraction, including violation of the state’s seat belt law. The officer personally observed a violation of the seat belt law and so had probable cause to make the stop and arrest. Therefore, the stop and arrest were constitutional. The constitutionality of the stop and arrest is not affected by the relatively minor nature of the violation or by the officer’s ulterior motive for making the stop. Rather, the pertinent factors taken into consideration are whether or not there was probable cause to believe a traffic violation had occurred and whether or not state law authorized arrest for that particular violation. Therefore, because there was probable cause for the traffic stop and state law authorized arrest for the traffic violation, neither the stop nor the subsequent arrest violated Suspect’s constitutional rights.
Courts have held that a pretextual stop and arrest do not violate a person’s Constitutional rights. Whether it is common practice or not for a specific officer to engage in a certain type of arrest is not relevant to the validity of an arrest.
Officer used the violation of the seat belt law as a pretext to stop and arrest. The state allows arrests to be made for violations of the seat belt law. Therefore Suspect’s Constitutional rights were not violated.